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St. Ambrose

340 - 397 Person Name: Ambrose of Milan Hymnal Number: 613 Author (Attrib. to) of "Once more the sun is beaming bright" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Ambrose (b. Treves, Germany, 340; d. Milan, Italy, 397), one of the great Latin church fathers, is remembered best for his preaching, his struggle against the Arian heresy, and his introduction of metrical and antiphonal singing into the Western church. Ambrose was trained in legal studies and distinguished himself in a civic career, becoming a consul in Northern Italy. When the bishop of Milan, an Arian, died in 374, the people demanded that Ambrose, who was not ordained or even baptized, become the bishop. He was promptly baptized and ordained, and he remained bishop of Milan until his death. Ambrose successfully resisted the Arian heresy and the attempts of the Roman emperors to dominate the church. His most famous convert and disciple was Augustine. Of the many hymns sometimes attributed to Ambrose, only a handful are thought to be authentic. Bert Polman ===================== Ambrosius (St. Ambrose), second son and third child of Ambrosius, Prefect of the Gauls, was born at Lyons, Aries, or Treves--probably the last--in 340 A.D. On the death of his father in 353 his mother removed to Rome with her three children. Ambrose went through the usual course of education, attaining considerable proficiency in Greek; and then entered the profession which his elder brother Satyrus had chosen, that of the law. In this he so distinguished himself that, after practising in the court of Probus, the Praetorian Prefect of Italy, he was, in 374, appointed Consular of Liguria and Aemilia. This office necessitated his residence in Milan. Not many months after, Auxentius, bishop of Milan, who had joined the Arian party, died; and much was felt to depend upon the person appointed as his successor. The church in which the election was held was so filled with excited people that the Consular found it necessary to take steps fur preserving the peace, and himself exhorted them to peace and order: when a voice suddenly exclaimed, "Ambrose is Bishop," and the cry was taken up on all sides. He was compelled to accept the post, though still only a catechumen; was forthwith baptized, and in a week more consecrated Bishop, Dec. 7, 374. The death of the Emperor Valentinian I., in 375, brought him into collision with Justina, Valentinian's second wife, an adherent of the Arian party: Ambrose was supported by Gratian, the elder son of Valentinian, and by Theodosius, whom Gratian in 379 associated with himself in the empire. Gratian was assassinated in 383 by a partisau of Maximus, and Ambrose was sent to treat with the usurper, a piece of diplomacy in which he was fairly successful. He found himself, however, left to carry on the contest with the Arians and the Empress almost alone. He and the faithful gallantly defended the churches which the heretics attempted to seize. Justina was foiled: and the advance of Maximus on Milan led to her flight, and eventually to her death in 388. It was in this year, or more probably the year before (387), that Ambrose received into the Church by baptism his great scholar Augustine, once a Manichaean heretic. Theodosius was now virtually head of the Roman empire, his colleague Valentinian II., Justina's son, being a youth of only 17. In the early part of 390 the news of a riot at Thessalonica, brought to him at Milan, caused him to give a hasty order for a general massacre at that city, and his command was but too faithfully obeyed. On his presenting himself a few days after at the door of the principal church in Milan, he was met by Ambrose, who refused him entrance till he should have done penance for his crime. It was not till Christmas, eight months after, that the Emperor declared his penitence, and was received into communion again by the Bishop. Valentinian was murdered by Arbogastes, a Frank general, in 392; and the murderer and his puppet emperor Eugenius were defeated by Theodosius in 394. But the fatigues of the campaign told on the Emperor, and he died the following year. Ambrose preached his funeral sermon, as he had done that of Valentinian. The loss of these two friends and supporters was a severe blow to Ambrose; two unquiet years passed, and then, worn with labours and anxieties, he himself rested from his labours on Easter Eve, 397. It was the 4th of April, and on that day the great Bishop of Milan is remembered by the Western Church, but Rome commemorates his consecration only, Dec. 7th. Great he was indeed, as a scholar, an organiser, a statesman; still greater as a theologian, the earnest and brilliant defender of the Catholic faith against the Arians of the West, just as Athanasius (whose name, one cannot but remark, is the same as his in meaning) was its champion against those of the East. We are now mainly concerned with him as musician and poet, "the father of Church song" as he is called by Grimm. He introduced from the East the practice of antiphonal chanting, and began the task, which St. Gregory completed, of systematizing the music of the Church. As a writer of sacred poetry he is remarkable for depth and severity. He does not warm with his subject, like Adam of St. Victor, or St. Bernard. "We feel," says Abp. Trench, "as though there were a certain coldness in his hymns, an aloofness of the author from his subject. "A large number of hymns has been attributed to his pen; Daniel gives no fewer than 92 called Ambrosian. Of these the great majority (including one on himself) cannot possibly be his; there is more or less doubt about the rest. The authorities on the subject are the Benedictine ed. of his works, the Psalterium, or Hymnary, of Cardinal Thomasius, and the Thesaurus Hymnologicus of Daniel. The Benedictine editors give 12 hymns as assignable to him, as follows:—1. Aeterna Christi munera. 2. Aeterne rerum Conditor. 3. Consors Paterni luminii. 4. Deus Creator omnium. 5. Fit porta Christi pervia, 6. Illuminans Altissimus. 7. Jam surgit hora tertia. 8. 0 Lux Beata Trinitas. 9. Orabo mente Dominum. 10. Somno refectis artubus. 11. Splendor Paternae gloriae. 12. Veni Redemptor gentium. Histories of these hymns, together with details of translations into English, are given in this work, and may be found under their respective first lines. The Bollandists and Daniel are inclined to attribute to St. Ambrose a hymn, Grates tibi Jesu novas, on the finding of the relics of SS. Gervasius and Protasius. These, we know, were discovered by him in 386, and it is by no means unlikely that the bishop should have commemorated in verse an event which he announces by letter to his sister Marcellina with so much satisfaction, not to say exultation.A beautiful tradition makes the Te Deum laudamus to have been composed under inspiration, and recited alternately, by SS. Ambrose and Augustine immediately after the baptism of the latter in 387. But the story rests upon a passage which there is every reason to consider spurious, in the Chronicon of Dacius, Bishop of Milan in 550. There is no hint of such an occurrence in the Confessions of St. Augustine, nor in Paulinue's life of St. Ambrose, nor in any authentic writing of St. Ambrose himself. The hymn is essentially a compilation, and there is much reason to believe, with Merati, that it originated in the 5th century, in the monastery of St. Honoratus at Lerins. [Te Deum.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) Also known as: Ambrotio, Ambrosio de Milán Ambrosius Mediolanensis Ambrosius Saint, Bp. of Milan Ambrosius von Mailand Aurelio Ambrogio, Saint, Bishop of Milan Aurelius Ambrosius, Saint, Bishop of Milan Milan, d. 397

Amelia M. Hull

1812 - 1884 Hymnal Number: 188 Author of "Look! look! look and live" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Hull, Amelia Matilda, daughter of William Thomas Hull, was born at Marpool Hall, Exmouth, circa 1825. Her publications include:— (1) Hymns by A. M. H., South Petherton, n.d. [1850]; (2) Heart Melodies, 1864; (3) The Silver Trumpet Answered; (4) Fruit from, the Tree of Life; (5) A Hymn-Book for Children; (6) Royal Musings concerning the King and His Work, n.d. [1884]. Miss Hull also contributed 22 hymns to Miss H. W. Soltau's Pleasant Hymns for Boys and Girls, n.d. [I860], From this collection her two popular hymns are taken:— 1. And is it true as I am told. The Good Shepherd. 2. There is life for a look at the Crucified One. Life in Christ. -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology =============================== Hull, Amelia M., p. 542, i. A few additional hymns from her works are in The Enlarged London Hymn Book, 1873, where they are all signed "A. M. Hull." --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Harriet Auber

1773 - 1862 Hymnal Number: 116 Author of "Our blest Redeemer, ere He breathed" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Auber, Harriet, daughter of Mr. James Auber, b. in London, Oct. 4, 1773. During the greater part of her quiet and secluded life she resided at Broxbourne and Hoddesdon, Herts, and died at the latter place on the 20th Jan., 1862. Miss Auber wrote devotional and other poetry, but only a portion of the former was published in her Spirit of the Psalms, in 1829. This collection is mainly her work, and from it some useful versions of the Psalms have been taken and included in modern hymn-books, about 20 appearing in Spurgeon's Our Own Hymn Book, 1866. Miss Auber's name is widely known, but it is principally through her exquisite lyric, "Our blest Redeemer, ere He breathed," and the Epiphany hymn, "Bright was the guiding star that led." (For criticism of her work, see English Psalters, §. 17.) In addition to these and other hymns by Miss Auber, which are annotated under their respective first lines, the following are also in C. V., but principally in America:— 1. Arise, ye people, and adore. Easter. 2. As Thy chosen people, Lord. Ps. lxciii. 3. Can guilty man indeed believe? Ps. xciv. 4. Delightful is the task to sing. Ps. cxlvii. 5. Father of Spirits, Nature's God. Ps. cxxxi. 6. Hail, gracious Source of every good. Ps. Ixv. 7. Hasten, Lord, the glorious time. Ps. lxxii. 8. Jehovah reigns, O earth, rejoice. Ps. xccii. 9. Join, all ye servants of the Lord. H. Scriptures. 10. Jesus, Lord, to Thee we sing. Ps. cx. 11. O all ye lands, rejoice in God. Ps. lxvi. 12. O God our Strength, to Thee the song. Ps. lIxxxi. 13. O praise our great and gracious Lord. Ps. lxxviii. 14. On thy church, O power divine. Ps. lxvii. 15. Sweet is the work, O Lord. Sunday. 16. That Thou, O Lord, art ever nigh. Ps. lxxv. 17. The Lord, Who hath redeemed our souls. Ps. xxxi. 18. When all bespeaks a Father's love. Ps. set. 19. When dangers press and fears invade. Ps. lxii. 20. Who, O Lord, when life is o'er. Ps. xv. 21. Whom have we Lord, in heaven, but Thee. Ps. lxxiii. 22. Wide, ye heavenly gates, unfold. Ascension. 23. With hearts in love abounding. Ps. xlv. 24. With joy we hail the sacred day. Sunday. 25. Vainly through the night the ranger. Ps. cxvii. All these psalm-versions and hymns are from her Spirit of the Psalms, London, 1829. - John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ========================= Auber, Harriet, p. 90, ii. The following versions of psalms from her Spirit of the Psalms, 1829, are also in common use:- 1. Great God, wert Thou extreme to mark. Ps. cxxx. "Thy servants in the temple watched," begins with stanza ii. of this. 2. How blest are they who daily prove. Ps. xli. 3. How blest the children of the Lord. Altered from Ps. cxii. 4. Jehovah, great and awful name. Part of Ps. Ixxviii. 5. 0 Thou Whom heaven's bright host revere. Ps. Ixxxiv. 6. Praise the Lord, our mighty King. Ps. cxxxv. 7. Spirit of peace, Who as a [celestial] Dove. Ps. cxxxiii. 8. Thou by Whose strength the mountains stand. Ps. Ixv. 9. To heaven our longing eyes we raise. Ps. cxxi. 10. Vainly through night's weary hours. Ps. cxxvii. Sometimes "Vainly through the night the ranger." 11. While all the golden harps above. Easter. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907) See also in:Hymn Writers of the Church

Eliza Holmes Reed

1794 - 1867 Person Name: Elizabeth Reed Hymnal Number: 168 Author of "O do not let the Lord depart" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Reed, Eliza, née Holmes, was born in London, March 4, 1794; married to the Rev. Andrew Reed in 1816; and died July 4, 1867. Mrs. Reed entered fully and earnestly into her husband's extensive charitable works. Her publications include Original Tales for Children; and The Mother's Manual for the Training of her Children, 1865. Her hymns, 20 in all, were contributed to her husband's collection, and were republished with his in the Wycliffe Chapel Supplement, 1872. They are only of average merit, and have not attained to a marked position. They include:— 1. Gracious Lord, as Thou hast bidden. Holy Baptism. 2. I would be Thine, 0 take my heart . Dedication of Self to Christ. 3. 0 do not let the word depart. The Accepted Time. 4. 0 that I could for ever dwell. Communion with God Desired. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Emma Booth-Tucker

1860 - 1903 Hymnal Number: 301 Author of "O I'm climbing up the golden stair to Glory" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Emma Moss Booth (8 January 1860 – 28 October 1903) known as 'The Consul', was the fourth child and second daughter of Catherine and William Booth, the Founder of The Salvation Army. See also in: Wikipedia

Anna Nitschmann

1715 - 1760 Hymnal Number: 367 Author of "I thirst, Thou wounded Lamb of God" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Nitschmann, Anna, daughter of David Nitschmann, cartwright, at Kunewald, near Fulnek, Moravia, was born at Kunewald, Nov. 24, 1715. Her cousin, David Nitschmann (the first Bishop, 1735, of the renewed Brethren's Unity) while on a visit to Kunewald in the beginning of 1725, persuaded her father to remove to Herrnhut, where the family arrived on Feb. 25, 1725. On March 17, 1730, Anna was appointed Unity-Elder, with the care of the unmarried sisters; on May 4, 1730, joined with Anna Dober in founding the Jungfrauenbund (see p. 304, ii.); and in 1733 entered the unmarried sisters' house at Herrnhut. In 1735 she became companion to Zinzendorf s daughter, the Countess Benigna, and accompanied her, in 1737, to England. During the summer of 1740 she went with her own father to America, arriving in Pennsylvania Dec. 5, 1740. After the arrival of Zinzendorf and the Countess Benigna, in 1741, Anna joined with them in work among the Indians. She returned to Germany in 1743. After the death of his first wife on June 19, 1756, Zinzendorf married Anna at Berthelsdorf on June 27, 1757. When on May 5, 1760, Zinzendorf felt his fatal illness, she also succumbed, and after his death, on May 9, gradually sank and died, May 21, 1760, at Herrnhut (Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie xxiii. 709; MS. from Diaconus J. T. Muller, Herrnhut, &c). Her hymns were written 1735-1748; the earlier in Herrnhut, some in Pennsylvania, others from 1743 to 1748. They appeared in the various Appendices to the Herrnhut Gesang-Buch of 1735. Only two have passed into use outside of the English Moravian Hymn Book. These are:— i. Ich bin das arme Würmlein dein. Humility. First published as No. 1592 in Appendix x. circa l741 to the Herrnhut Gesang-Buch, 1735, in 12 stanzas of 4 lines. When repeated in the Brüder Gesang-Buch, 1778, No. 851, st. i., 11. 1, 2; iv., 11. 1, 2; ii.; iii.; xii. were selected with alterations, and a stanza by C. Gregor (which begins “Mein Heiland! dass ich ohne dich") was prefixed. The translation in common use is:— My Saviour, that I without Thee. Translated in full by F. W. Foster, from the text of 1778, and given as No. 450 in the Moravian Hymn Book , 1189 (1886, No. 580). Included, omitting st. v., in J. A. Latrobe's Collection, 1841. ii. Mein König, deine Liebe. Christian Work. Appeared as No. 1233 in Appendix vii. circa 1737 to the Herrnhut Gesang-Buch, 1735, in 14 st. of 6 1. In the Brüder Gesang-Buch,1778, No. 1355, reduced to 6 stanzas (st. v. in 1778 is by N. L. Zinzendorf). Another translation is: "Thou our exalted first-born Brother." This is a tr. of st. xiv. in the Moravian Hymn Book, pt. ii., 1746, p. 798. In 1754, pt. ii., p. 365, altered to "0 Thou our first-born Brother " (1849, No. 852, st. ii.). [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Martha M. Stockton

1821 - 1921 Hymnal Number: 32 Author of "O 'twas love, 'twas wondrous love" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Mrs. Martha Matilda (Brustar) Stockton, wife of Rev. W. C. Stockton of Ocean City, Cape May, N.J., born June 11, 1821 English Hymns: Their Authors and History, 1886 by Samuel Willoughby Duffield ==================== Stockton, Martha Matilda, née Brustar,was born June 11, 1821; married to the Rev. W. C. Stockton, of Ocean City, Cape May County, New Jersey; and died Oct. 18, 1885. Her hymn, "God loved the world of sinners lost" (The Love of God), in Laudes Domini, 1884, is dated 1871. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Elizabeth Rundle Charles

1828 - 1896 Person Name: Elizabeth Rundle-Charles Hymnal Number: 241 Author of "Come and rejoice with me" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Charles, Elizabeth, née Rundle, is the author of numerous and very popular works intended to popularize the history of early Christian life in Great Britain; of Luther and his times; of Wesley and his work; the struggles of English civil wars; and kindred subjects as embodied in the Chronicles of the Schönherg-Cotta Family, the Diary of Kitty Trevelyan, &c, was born at Tavistock, Devonshire, Her father was John Rundle, M.P., and her husband, Andrew Paton Charles, Barrister-at-Law. Mrs. Charles has made some valuable contributions to hymnology, including original hymns and translations from the Latin and German. These were given in her:— (1) The Voice of Christian Life in Song; or, Hymns and Hymn-writers of Many Lands and Ages, 1858; (2) The Three Wakings, and other Poems, 1859; and (3) The Chronicles of the Schönberg-Cotta Family; (4) Poems, New York, 1867. This has some additional pieces. Her hymn on the Annunciation, "Age after age shall call thee [her] blessed," appeared in her Three Wakings, &c., 1859. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ========================= Charles, Elizabeth, née Rundle. Mrs. Charles has assumed the name of "Rundle-Charles," as given in the 1890 edition of the Hymnal Companion. Other hymns in common use are:— 1. Around a Table, not a tomb. Holy Communion. Dated Oct. 1862. In her Poems, 1868, in 6 stanzas of 4 lines. 2. Come, and rejoice with me. Joy in Christ. Some-times dated 1846. From her Three Wakings, 1859, p. 146, in 7 stanzas of 4 lines, and headed "Eureka." 3. Jesus, what once Thou wast. Jesus the Unchangeable One. In Mrs. Brock's Children's Hymn Book, 1881. 4. Never further than Thy Cross. Passiontide. In The Family Treasury, Feb. 1860. 5. What marks the dawning of the Year? New Year. From her Three Wakings, 1859, p. 155. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907) ====================== Charles, Elizabeth, née Rundle, pp. 218, ii.; 1556, i. Mrs. Rundle-Charles was born Jan. 2, 1828, married in 1851, and died March 28, 1896. Her hymn, "The little birds fill all the air with their glee" (Thankfulness), was published in her Three Waitings, 1859, p. 165, as a "Song for an Infant School." It is found in The Sunday School Hymnary, 1905, and others. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, New Supplement (1907)

Frances Bevan

1827 - 1909 Person Name: Emma Frances Bevan Hymnal Number: 180 Translator of "Sing it o'er and o'er again" in The Song Book of the Salvation Army Bevan, Emma Frances, née Shuttleworth, daughter of the Rev. Philip Nicholas Shuttleworth, Warden of New Coll., Oxford, afterwards Bishop of Chichester, was born at Oxford, Sept. 25, 1827, and was married to Mr. R. C. L. Bevan, of the Lombard Street banking firm, in 1856. Mrs. Bevan published in 1858 a series of translations from the German as Songs of Eternal Life (Lond., Hamilton, Adams, & Co.), in a volume which, from its unusual size and comparative costliness, has received less attention than it deserves, for the trs. are decidedly above the average in merit. A number have come into common use, but almost always without her name, the best known being those noted under “O Gott, O Geist, O Licht dea Lebens," and "Jedes Herz will etwas li ben." Most of these are annotated throughout this Dictionary under their authors' names, or German first lines. That at p. 630, "O past are the fast-days,—the Feast-day, the Feast-day is come," is a translation through the German from the Persian of Dschellaleddin Rumi 1207-1273. Mrs. Bevan also published Songs of Praise for Christian Pilgrims (London, Hamilton, Adams, 1859), the translations in which are also annotated throughout this Dictionary as far as possible. [Rev. James Mearns, M.A.] -- John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)