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Zhao Zichen

1888 - 1979 Person Name: Tzu-chen Chao, b. 1888 Meter: 10.10.10.10 Author of "Golden Breaks the Dawn" in The New Century Hymnal See also Tzu-Chen Chao. Zhao Zichen (Chao Tzu-chen) 1888-1979, born in Deqing, Zhejiang (Chekiang), China in 1888. He had a solid classical Chinese education. Although he came from a Buddhist family, he attended a missionary middle school where he was introduced to the Christian faith and joined the church, although he was not baptized until 1908. Then he studied at Suzhou (Soochow) University, a missionary institution, graduating in 1911. A few years later, he went to the United States where, in the years 1914-17, he received M.A. and B.D. degrees from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1917, he returned to the Methodist Dongwu University in Suzhou and taught there for six years. In 1926 he moved to Yenching University in Beijing (Peking) as a professor of theology. He became dean of the School of Religion in 1928, a post he held until 1952, when he was denounced politically and removed. From 1910s until 1940s, Zhao, along with other colleagues such as Liu Tingfang (Timothy Lew), Xu Baoqian (Hsu Pao-ch'ien), and Wu Leichuan (Wu Lei-ch'uan), tried to make Christianity relevant to the needs of Chinese culture and society and tended to strip it of all supernatural elements. He was recognized in China by the mainline churches before the coming of the new government as one of its leading theologians. He was concerned that the church be purified both institutionally from its denominationalism and doctrinally from its many nonscientific views. He was also concerned that Christianity be related to Confucianism or, more broadly, to humanism. During these decades, he was active on national Protestant scene, attending major conferences and organizations, including the National Chinese Christian Council and YMCA; participating in the International Missionary Council (IMC) meetings in Jerusalem in 1928; in Madras in 1938; and the first assembly of the World Council (WCC) at Amsterdam in 1948, where he was elected one of the six presidents of the WCC, representing East Asian churches. He resigned from this post in 1951 due to the break out of the Korean War. Zhao went through several phases in his theological journey. In his early works---Christian Philosophy (Chinese, 1925) and The Life of Jesus (Chinese, 1935)---he espoused a liberal theological perspective. In his later writings---An Interpretation of Christianity, The Life of Paul (both in Chinese, 1947), and My Prison Experience (1948) --- he became more conservative in faith, especially after his imprisonment by the Japanese for several months in 1942. He also wrote many articles in English, especially for the Chinese Recorder in the 1920s and 1930s. In 1947 Zhao was awarded an honorary doctorate from Princeton University. Zhao reconciled himself to the new Communist government after 1949 and participated in the China People's Political Consultation Meeting as one of five Christian representatives. When the Three-Self Movement was launched, he was one of the 40 church leaders who signed the "Three-Self Manifesto." In 1956 Zhao was accused of siding with American mission boards in their imperialism toward China and was forced to resign from his position as professor and dean at the School of Religion at Yanjing University. After that he descended into obscurity and apparently lost his faith long before his death. In many ways he was a liberal theologian, although Western terms do not do justice to his thought. Zhao died in Beijing on November 21, 1979. He was rehabilitated officially a short time before his death. --www.bdcconline.net/en/stories/z/zhao-zichen.php

W. J. Govan

Meter: 10.10.10.10 Author of "Hereafter Thou Shalt Know" in The Cyber Hymnal Late 19th Century

Horatio Nelson

1823 - 1913 Person Name: Earl Nelson Meter: 10.10.10.10 Adapter of "Draw Nigh to Thy Jerusalem" in Rejoice in the Lord Earl Nelson was born in 1823. He was educated at Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He is a relative of England's greatest naval hero. An active layman, he has been of service to the Church in many of her religious and benevolent enterprises. In hymnology he has taken a prominent position; his own hymns are most creditable, and he has been foremost in compiling the Sarum Hymnal, a work of the best character. This hymnal was compiled in 1857, with the assistance of John Keble, at the request of the Bishop of Salisbury. Its first title was The Salisbury Hymn Book. Its popularity was very great. In 1868 it was revised and is now known as The Sarum Hymnal. Earl Nelson has also published a few other works, mostly of a devotional character. --Annotations of the Hymnal, Charles Hutchins, M.A., 1872 Nelson, Horatio, 3rd Earl Nelson, son of Mr. Thomas Bolton, of Burnham, Norfolk (nephew of the celebrated Admiral Viscount Nelson, whose name he assumed on succeeding to the title as 2nd Earl); was born Aug. 7, 1823, and educated at Eton, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He succeeded to the title Nov. 1, 1835. In 1857 he edited the Salisbury Hymn-Book. In this work he was assisted by J. Keble, who re-wrote some of the older hymns and translated others from the Latin. This collection was remodelled and published as the Sarum Hymnal in 1868. In the preparation of this work Earl Nelson was assisted by the Revs. J. R. Woodford (afterwards Bishop of Ely) and E. A. Dayman. In 1864 he published his Hymn for Saint’s Day, and other Hymns. In this appeared the hymn by which he is most widely known, “From all Thy saints in warfare, for all Thy saints at rest" (p. 398, ii.). He has also published A Form of Family Prayer, with Special Offices for the Seasons, 1852; and A Calendar of Lessons for Every Day in the Year, 1857. He was also an active member of the Home Reunion Society, and wrote extensively on the subject. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907)

Louis Bourgeois

1510 - 1561 Meter: 10.10.10.10 Composer of "TOULON" in Psalter Hymnal (Blue) Louis Bourgeois (b. Paris, France, c. 1510; d. Paris, 1561). In both his early and later years Bourgeois wrote French songs to entertain the rich, but in the history of church music he is known especially for his contribution to the Genevan Psalter. Apparently moving to Geneva in 1541, the same year John Calvin returned to Geneva from Strasbourg, Bourgeois served as cantor and master of the choristers at both St. Pierre and St. Gervais, which is to say he was music director there under the pastoral leadership of Calvin. Bourgeois used the choristers to teach the new psalm tunes to the congregation. The extent of Bourgeois's involvement in the Genevan Psalter is a matter of scholarly debate. Calvin had published several partial psalters, including one in Strasbourg in 1539 and another in Geneva in 1542, with melodies by unknown composers. In 1551 another French psalter appeared in Geneva, Eighty-three Psalms of David, with texts by Marot and de Beze, and with most of the melodies by Bourgeois, who supplied thirty four original tunes and thirty-six revisions of older tunes. This edition was republished repeatedly, and later Bourgeois's tunes were incorporated into the complete Genevan Psalter (1562). However, his revision of some older tunes was not uniformly appreciated by those who were familiar with the original versions; he was actually imprisoned overnight for some of his musical arrangements but freed after Calvin's intervention. In addition to his contribution to the 1551 Psalter, Bourgeois produced a four-part harmonization of fifty psalms, published in Lyons (1547, enlarged 1554), and wrote a textbook on singing and sight-reading, La Droit Chemin de Musique (1550). He left Geneva in 1552 and lived in Lyons and Paris for the remainder of his life. Bert Polman

Orlando Gibbons

1583 - 1625 Person Name: Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625) Meter: 10.10.10.10 Composer of "SONG 22" in Church Hymnary (4th ed.) Orlando Gibbons (baptised 25 December 1583 – 5 June 1625) was an English composer, virginalist and organist of the late Tudor and early Jacobean periods. He was a leading composer in the England of his day. Gibbons was born in Cambridge and christened at Oxford the same year – thus appearing in Oxford church records. Between 1596 and 1598 he sang in the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, where his brother Edward Gibbons (1568–1650), eldest of the four sons of William Gibbons, was master of the choristers. The second brother Ellis Gibbons (1573–1603) was also a promising composer, but died young. Orlando entered the university in 1598 and achieved the degree of Bachelor of Music in 1606. James I appointed him a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, where he served as an organist from at least 1615 until his death. In 1623 he became senior organist at the Chapel Royal, with Thomas Tomkins as junior organist. He also held positions as keyboard player in the privy chamber of the court of Prince Charles (later King Charles I), and organist at Westminster Abbey. He died at age 41 in Canterbury of apoplexy, and a monument to him was built in Canterbury Cathedral. A suspicion immediately arose that Gibbons had died of the plague, which was rife in England that year. Two physicians who had been present at his death were ordered to make a report, and performed an autopsy, the account of which survives in The National Archives: We whose names are here underwritten: having been called to give our counsels to Mr. Orlando Gibbons; in the time of his late and sudden sickness, which we found in the beginning lethargical, or a profound sleep; out of which, we could never recover him, neither by inward nor outward medicines, & then instantly he fell in most strong, & sharp convulsions; which did wring his mouth up to his ears, & his eyes were distorted, as though they would have been thrust out of his head & then suddenly he lost both speech, sight and hearing, & so grew apoplectical & lost the whole motion of every part of his body, & so died. Then here upon (his death being so sudden) rumours were cast out that he did die of the plague, whereupon we . . . caused his body to be searched by certain women that were sworn to deliver the truth, who did affirm that they never saw a fairer corpse. Yet notwithstanding we to give full satisfaction to all did cause the skull to be opened in our presence & we carefully viewed the body, which we found also to be very clean without any show or spot of any contagious matter. In the brain we found the whole & sole cause of his sickness namely a great admirable blackness & syderation in the outside of the brain. Within the brain (being opened) there did issue out abundance of water intermixed with blood & this we affirm to be the only cause of his sudden death. His death was a shock to peers and the suddenness of his passing drew comment more for the haste of his burial – and of its location at Canterbury rather than the body being returned to London. His wife, Elizabeth, died a little over a year later, aged in her mid-30s, leaving Orlando's eldest brother, Edward, to care for the children left orphans by this event. Of these children only the eldest son, Christopher Gibbons, went on to become a musician. One of the most versatile English composers of his time, Gibbons wrote a quantity of keyboard works, around thirty fantasias for viols, a number of madrigals (the best-known being "The Silver Swan"), and many popular verse anthems. His choral music is distinguished by his complete mastery of counterpoint, combined with his wonderful gift for melody. Perhaps his most well known verse anthem is This is the record of John, which sets an Advent text for solo countertenor or tenor, alternating with full chorus. The soloist is required to demonstrate considerable technical facility at points, and the work at once expresses the rhetorical force of the text, whilst never being demonstrative or bombastic. He also produced two major settings of Evensong, the Short Service and the Second Service. The former includes a beautifully expressive Nunc dimittis, while the latter is an extended composition, combining verse and full sections. Gibbons's full anthems include the expressive O Lord, in thy wrath, and the Ascension Day anthem O clap your hands together for eight voices. He contributed six pieces to the first printed collection of keyboard music in England, Parthenia (to which he was by far the youngest of the three contributors), published in about 1611. Gibbons's surviving keyboard output comprises some 45 pieces. The polyphonic fantasia and dance forms are the best represented genres. Gibbons's writing exhibits full mastery of three- and four-part counterpoint. Most of the fantasias are complex, multisectional pieces, treating multiple subjects imitatively. Gibbons's approach to melody in both fantasias and dances features a capability for almost limitless development of simple musical ideas, on display in works such as Pavane in D minor and Lord Salisbury's Pavan and Galliard. In the 20th century, the Canadian pianist Glenn Gould championed Gibbons's music, and named him as his favorite composer. Gould wrote of Gibbons's hymns and anthems: "ever since my teen-age years this music ... has moved me more deeply than any other sound experience I can think of." In one interview, Gould compared Gibbons to Beethoven and Webern: ...despite the requisite quota of scales and shakes in such half-hearted virtuoso vehicles as the Salisbury Galliard, one is never quite able to counter the impression of music of supreme beauty that lacks its ideal means of reproduction. Like Beethoven in his last quartets, or Webern at almost any time, Gibbons is an artist of such intractable commitment that, in the keyboard field, at least, his works work better in one's memory, or on paper, than they ever can through the intercession of a sounding-board. To this day, Gibbons's obit service is commemorated every year in King's College Chapel, Cambridge. --wikipedia.org

D. W. Whittle

1840 - 1901 Person Name: Daniel W. Whittle Meter: 10.10.10.10 Author of "Moment by Moment" in The Worshiping Church [Also published under the pseudonym El Nathan.] =============== Whittle, D. W.. Six of his hymns (Nos. 295, 308,363, 385, 386, 417) are given in I. D. Sankey's Sacred Songs and Solos, under the signature of "El Nathan." --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Mary A. Lathbury

1841 - 1913 Meter: 10.10.10.10 Author of "Break Thou the Bread of Life" in Timeless Truths Lathbury, Mary Ann, was born in Manchester, Ontario County, New York, Aug. 10, 1841. Miss Lathbury writes somewhat extensively for the American religious periodical press, and is well and favourably known (see the Century Magazine, Jan., 1885, p. 342). Of her hymns which have come into common use we have:— 1. Break Thou the bread of life. Communion with God. A "Study Song" for the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, written in the summer of 1880. It is in Horder's (Eng.) Congregational Hymns, 1884. 2. Day is dying in the west. Evening. "Written at the request of the Rev. John H. Vincent, D.D., in the summer of 1880. It was a "Vesper Song," and has been frequently used in the responsive services of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle." It is in the Laudes Domini, N. Y., 1884. For these details we are indebted to S. W. Duffield's English Hymns, &c, N. Y., 1886. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology (1907) ================== Lathbury, Mary A., p. 640, i. Another hymn by this writer is, "Lift up, lift up thy voice with singing." [Praise to Christ), in Sankey's Sacred Songs & Solos, 1878. --John Julian, Dictionary of Hymnology, Appendix, Part II (1907)

Anonymous

Person Name: Unknown Meter: 10.10.10.10 Author of "Draw Nigh and Take the Body of the Lord" in The Lutheran Hymnal In some hymnals, the editors noted that a hymn's author is unknown to them, and so this artificial "person" entry is used to reflect that fact. Obviously, the hymns attributed to "Author Unknown" "Unknown" or "Anonymous" could have been written by many people over a span of many centuries.

David Grundy

b. 1934 Person Name: David Grundy, b.1934 Meter: 10.10.10.10 Adapter of "LATHBURY" in The Book of Praise

Mary Louise Bringle

b. 1953 Person Name: Mary Louise Bringle, n. 1953 Meter: 10.10.10.10 Translator of "Dios te bendiga (May God Almighty Bless)" in Santo, Santo, Santo